Poster presentations

Thursday, April 25, 2019
5:30 PM - 7:30 PM
Ballroom 4 (Cocktail)

Speaker

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Dr Christopher Bean
Uppsala University (Sweden); University of Adelaide (Australia)

Youth participation in active labour market programs during boom/recession and mental health: a 20-year follow-up.

Abstract

Aim: Active labour market policies (ALMPs) comprise government interventions designed to help unemployed persons find employment. The aim of this study is to better understand how participation in such programs during youth (ages 18-21) may be associated with mental health, in both the short and long-term. A further aim of this study is to see if the concurrent macroeconomic conditions (boom/recession) experienced during the exposure period modifies these associations.

Design: A two-cohort longitudinal design was used to compare the effects of participation in ALMPs during either macroeconomic boom or recession.

Method: Participants (n=1654) were sourced from the older and younger generation of the Northern Swedish Cohort study, born in either 1965 (n=968) or 1973 (n= 686). Both groups completed detailed questionnaires at age 21 (boom for Cohort 65, recession for Cohort 73) and at approximately 20 years follow-up (age 43 for Cohort 65, age 39 for Cohort 73). Participants reported their current employment status at age 21, as well as their exposure to unemployment and ALMPs between the ages of 18 and 21. Depressive symptoms were measured at age 21 and at follow-up. General linear models were used to assess short and long-term associations between these exposures and depressive symptoms, as well as potential interaction with boom/recession.

Results: In preliminary analyses controlling for gender and socioeconomic background, there was an interaction effect between cohort (boom/recession at age 21) and ALMP participation (≥6 months) during ages 18-21. This effect indicates that ALMP participation was associated with higher depressive symptoms at age 21 for Cohort 65 (during boom), but not for Cohort 73 (during recession). Conversely, ALMP participation during youth was associated with lower depressive symptoms at approximately 20 years follow-up for Cohort 73 (recession at age 21), but not for Cohort 65 (boom at age 21).

Conclusion: These results add to our understanding of how participation in ALMPs may be associated with mental health. As with other studies of this nature, the potential for confounding by cohort effects may be a limitation. Future work may consider how stigma and selection mechanisms could operate differently against the backdrop of different macroeconomic conditions.

Biography

Chris received his PhD/MPsych (Health) from the University of Adelaide in 2017, supervised by Emeritus Prof. Helen Winefield, Assoc. Prof. Charli Sargent (CQUni), and Dr Amanda Hutchinson (UniSA). For the past two years he has worked as a post-doctoral researcher in the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences at Uppsala University, Sweden. His current work with the Northern Swedish Cohort (NoSCo), led by Professors Anne Hammarström and Marianna Virtanen, is focused on better understanding social determinants of mental health from a life course perspective.
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Dr Sze Yan Cheung
University of Adelaide

Cancer coverage and portrayal of identity changes in Australian printed news

Abstract

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the coverage of cancer in Australian printed news and the media portrayal of individuals diagnosed with cancer, in particular their cancer identities.

Design: Content analysis of all cancer-related news items published in 2015 from two national newspapers (The Australian and Australian Financial Review) and two randomly selected state newspapers (The Age and The Daily Telegraph) was conducted because printed newspapers was the preferred medium for news consumption in Australia in 2016.

Method: 1485 articles were retrieved from the LexisNexis database and excluded if they were not cancer-related or did not contain a cancer-related human interest story. Each news item included for review was coded for its focus and cancer type, and an over- or under-reporting factor was calculated for each cancer type. Qualitative information about usage of cancer identity terms and the portrayal of cancer’s impact on the person diagnosed was also collected.

Results: 854 news items were analysed. The most common focus for the news items were human interest stories (20.3%). The most commonly reported cancer was breast cancer (24.8% of all items on specific cancers). Some cancers were over-reported (e.g. Hodgkin lymphoma), whereas others like larynx cancer were under-reported. The dominant imagery of an individual diagnosed with cancer was that of a woman aged under 50 years with breast cancer. Issues around cancer identity were rarely mentioned (n = 9): some individuals preferred not to be defined by cancer, whereas others felt that cancer had not affected them much. The term “survivor” appeared in 59 news items and was mostly used to describe someone who had beaten cancer or was in remission; “victim”(n = 16) was mostly used to depict someone who was dying or had died of cancer; and “conqueror” did not appear in any news items.

Conclusion: The findings indicate Australian printed news can potentially mislead news consumers to form inaccurate perceptions of cancer and of individuals diagnosed with the disease. Health professionals would have to provide accurate information to their clients and refrain from using terminology that people with the diagnosis do not identify with.

Biography

Dr Sze Yan Cheung recently graduated from the University of Adelaide and completed her thesis in the field of cancer survivorship. She examined the effects of cancer on an individual's identity, such as cancer identity and gender identity, and the public or lay understanding of these identities and its consequences. Currently, she is working as a therapist with children diagnosed with autism or developmental delay.
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Ms Jane Cocks
University of the Sunshine Coast

Press Play for Positive Change: Health behaviour change theory meets game design practice

Abstract

Background: The development of interactive media and games with serious purposes such as therapeutic applications and behaviour change, is a young and rapidly growing field. This field of serious games draws from many different disciplines, including Psychology. Given the need for evidence-based practice in health contexts, it is crucial for multidisciplinary development teams to understand psychological principles, as well as game design processes. This research is concerned with developing a foundational framework for designing games for health-related behaviour change, to inform serious game development.

Aims/objectives: The aim of this research is synthesise behaviour change theory with game design practice in order to create an evidence-based framework called the Behaviour Change Game Design Wheel. Furthermore, this study will evaluate existing behaviour change games for concordance with the wheel in order to explore the validity of the wheel with existing media, and enhance understanding of the application of games for this purpose.

Method: The Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change (TTM) offers a widely accepted, and theoretically driven model outlining the five key stages and ten processes that are involved in behaviour change. Additionally, the Mechanics, Dynamics, Aesthetics framework is a widely adopted game design approach which allows for the examination of game design elements. These two theoretical approaches will be synthesised into a new framework – the wheel – and then used to explore three game case studies.

Results: The results of this study include the presentation of the Behaviour Change Game Design Wheel, and three behaviour change games and how they a represented in the wheel.

Conclusion: The Behaviour Change Game Design Wheel, in addition to three short game case studies, will provide a preliminary starting point for professionals wanting to enhance their understanding of games in therapeutic contexts, and game development practices.

Biography

Jane Cocks is a PhD Candidate at the Engage Research Lab at the University of the Sunshine Coast. Her research sits on the intersection between Psychology and Game Design, and her PhD is focussed on developing a framework for designing games for behaviour change grounded in psychology theory and practice. Jane has completed Bachelor degrees in Behavioural Science and Health Science, Psychology Honours. She is currently a Director on the board of both Digital Games Research Association of Australia (DiGRAA), and Women in Development, Games, and Everything Tech (WiDGET). She has been involved in the Australian games and interactive media industry for the last 4 years; speaking, communicating research, and facilitating events relating to serious games, the psychology of games, and the relationship between games and mental health, and the design of game based interventions for health behaviour change, both nationally and internationally.
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Ms Tiffany De Sousa Machado
The University of Adelaide

Connecting Experienced Mothers with New Mothers: Exploring the Role of Informal Support on Postpartum Wellbeing

Abstract

Aim: This study considers experienced mothers and new mothers and explores the question of whether bringing experienced mothers together with new mothers will provide a level of social support and validation which increases perceived overall wellbeing. The project’s main aim is to connect experienced mothers with new mothers to investigate how an informal support option such as this may have an impact on perceived wellbeing for both groups of women.

Design: This study uses qualitative methods to explore women’s experiences of informal social support when new mothers are paired with experienced mothers to meet and chat informally.

Method: New mothers with a child under 12 months old and experienced mothers with children over seven years old will be paired by the researcher and will meet, face to face over a course of six weeks. Semi-structured interviews and reflective journals will be used to gather data about women’s experiences of support, their perceptions of the six week program overall, and any self-reported, perceived impact it has upon their overall wellbeing.

Results: The program will be run in the early months of 2019. Results will include data from transcripts and journal entries which may provide an insight into the experiences of both new and experienced mothers when providing and receiving informal support.

Conclusion: Implications of the findings from the project, including any policy and practice implications for supporting new mothers will be reported.

Biography

Tiffany De Sousa Machado is currently in the second year of a combined Masters/PhD in Psychology (Health). Her focus is on postpartum health, social supports and the psychological wellbeing of women and families. Tiffany is the recipient of a Westpac Future Leaders scholarship which has enabled her to travel overseas to further pursue her studies. She is the mother of two girls, and has lived experience with postnatal depression which she experienced with her first daughter.
Ms Stella Delloso
University of Adelaide

Evaluation of an oncology education program: Family perspectives

Abstract

Aim: The Oncology Education Program was developed by the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, South Australia, in 2015, to prioritise schooling during treatment for children with cancer, in order to sustain their school engagement and facilitate educational outcomes for this at-risk group. This study aims to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the Oncology Education Program, from the perspectives of the families who have been involved. Specifically, the study aims to understand the experience of participating in the program and to explore families’ perceptions of the program’s impact. The study also aims to explore the experience of schooling with cancer more generally, in order to better understand the schooling-related needs of families and to provide recommendations for a hospital-based service that aims to address these needs.

Design: Both quantitative and qualitative methods will be used to evaluate the Oncology Education Program. The mixed methods design will generate quantitative data useful for assessment of program satisfaction and schooling adjustment outcomes, and qualitative data that will facilitate a richer understanding of the experience of schooling for children with cancer, and the ways in which the Oncology Education Program is experienced and has impact for families, which are identified gaps in the literature.

Method: Participants for this study are the families of school-aged children with cancer who have been involved in the Oncology Education Program, and who have been classified as being in the ‘maintenance’ treatment phase or completed treatment. Approximately 100 families are eligible to participate in this study. The study has two parts. Firstly, all eligible parents will be invited to complete a written survey exploring the school-related experiences of their child and their experiences of the Oncology Education program, and complete a standardised measure of their child’s academic and social functioning. Secondly, both parents and their child with cancer will be invited to participate in a semi-structured follow-up interview, in order to provide more contextualised information about their experiences, from multiple family perspectives.

Results: Data collection for this study is currently underway.

Conclusion: Implications for practice will be discussed .

Biography

Stella Delloso is a Master of Health Psychology candidate at the University of Adelaide. She has over 10 years of experience working in a variety of health-centred roles, and has a particular interest in adjustment to illness in children and families.
Ms Jodie Brown

Distress, trauma/post-traumatic growth and coping among parents of children with congenital heart disease: Psychological Implications

Abstract

Purpose: This systematic review explored the experience of psychological distress, trauma, post-traumatic growth (PTG) and coping among parents of children with congenital heart disease (PCCHD).

Method: PRSIMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed to identify 82 studies for inclusion and analysis.

Results: PCCHD experience high levels of distress that manifest in a variety of ways (including depression, anxiety, stress and somatization). Generally, the distress occurs at levels higher than normative populations and at levels consistent with parents of children with other chronic and/or severe health conditions. Psychosocial stressors (commonly but not exclusively found in families of more severe CHD) appear to exacerbate this experience. Diagnosis, and birth, of a child with CHD is deeply distressing for PCCHD. Invasive surgical procedures (e.g. open-heart surgery) are also a significant source of distress for PCCHD, regardless of CHD severity or the complexity of the procedure, and may serve as a trigger for concerns about child mortality and suffering, and the experiences of role loss, uncertainty and lack of control. Parental descriptions of these experiences are consistent with those of other survivors of traumatic experiences. A number of PCCHD meet threshold for diagnosis of Acute Stress Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and many more experience multiple clinically significant post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Ongoing symptoms of trauma (in particular, hypervigilance), depression and anxiety are also frequently reported. PCCHD employ a variety of coping strategies in an attempt to manage the effects of their exposure to CHD-related trauma. Concurrently, they also appear to experience the transformational nature of this trauma in a way that is consistent with the features of Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG).

Conclusions: This review confirms and extends the existing literature regarding the psychological experiences of families of children with CHD. In addition, it highlights the traumatic nature of these events and identifies that symptom trajectories may vary as a function of time and type. This review also uniquely identifies evidence suggesting that PCCHD experience not just the distressing symptoms of trauma exposure, but also the transformational features suggestive of PTG. Findings are discussed in relation to screening, referral pathways, and treatment approaches for clinicians.

Biography

Jodie Brown is a Clinical Psychology Registrar with over fifteen years experience working within the field of mental health across public and private, government and non-government settings, charity and for-profit organisations. She has worked across frontline and senior policy positions, as well as having extensive experience as a clinical educator in adult learning environments. Jodie has a special interest in working with vulnerable populations and in the prevention of suicide, as well as in bringing increased awareness to the experiences of carers and to the impact of traumatic stress on health and wellbeing for clients and carers alike. Jodie currently works within the headspace Youth Early Psychosis Program as a clinical educator specialising in trauma-informed practice, in private practice offering individual therapy, and as a casual academic at the University of Southern Queensland. Jodie has had work presented at international conferences and has a particular research interest within the field of trauma, both in the pathology of post-traumatic stress but also in the more healing aspects post-traumatic growth.
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Dr Amy Mullens
2019 Health Committee
USQ

Strengths of the Health Action Process Approach: a Structured Review

Abstract

Background: Models of health behaviour change have historically focused on the proximal predictors of behaviour. However, people do not always act in accordance with their intentions and fail to take action under multiple and conflicting demands. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is a model of health behaviour that attempts to provide a parsimonious explanation of health promoting behaviours that endeavours to bridge the intention-behaviour gap. Towards this end, the model distinguishes between motivational and volitional factors that contribute to behavioural engagement. Action self-efficacy, outcome expectancies and risk perception are motivational factors, whilst action planning, coping planning, maintenance self-efficacy, and recovery self-efficacy are volitional factors.

Aims/objectives: Our objective was to complete a systematic literature review of the HAPA model, with was undertaken with a particular focus to synthesise and analyse the current empirical evidence attesting to the effectiveness of the planning and self-efficacy components within the model.

Method: Using the PRIMSA method for systematic literature review we searched over 12 academic databases and Google Scholar. This search resulted in a detailed review of 47 articles from 1999 to 2015 across eight different behavioural outcome groups with 17,350 participants.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that Intention remains a strong predictor of behaviour but strengthening intentions through action self-efficacy and implementing plans increases the likelihood that behaviour will occur. As a set, these variables were found to provide the most parsimonious and consistent model of health promoting behaviour across various outcomes in 47 samples of healthy adults.

Biography

Dr Erich C. Fein is a Senior Lecturer in psychology at the University of Southern Queensland. He completed his PhD in psychology at the Ohio State University with a focus on quantitative methods, organisational psychology, and individual differences. His research programs focus on motivation and performance, individual differences, leadership development, and occupational health and health psychology topics, and include the coordinated supervision of numerous PhD students.
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Miss Kirstie Daken
USQ

Utilising Social Media as a Health Psychologist

Abstract

Background: In an increasingly digital world, developing an online presence as a psychologist and health professional can be greatly beneficial to your profile in both research and practice. It can allow your work, interests and expertise to be showcased, while allowing control as to how it is displayed. Often, it can be hard to know where to start, what platforms to use, as well as finding time effective ways to maintain it.

Aims/Objectives: This poster aims to provide health psychologists with an understanding of how they can develop social media platform profiles; from which platform to use, how to develop content, gather followers and the importance of maintaining frequent content. It also helps address common perceived barriers to social media, such as knowing your target audience, best time to schedule posts and what’s important for you to display (key areas of interest, professional image, sharing others content). This is presented with a focus on health psychology, covering how to engage in this field online with targeted audiences and peers as well as other allied health researchers and professionals.

Implications: Increasing social media as a health psychologist can lead to many benefits including increasing awareness of work, networking opportunities, awareness of work and research, allowing more awareness of developments worldwide in key areas of interest, faster access to information from relevant organisations (including the college of health psychology), as long as this is done carefully in relation to ethical considerations, security and privacy concerns.(awareness for the public people and students maybe? So not just organisations and peers but public and potential practitioners).

Conclusion: The importance of creating and growing social media as a professional in today’s society cannot be underestimated. As we progressively come to rely on online interactions in our personal life, so too will it continue to develop in playing a large role in professional lives. Utilising these platforms now will help to provide a good foundation of an online presence heading into the future.

Biography

Kirstie Daken is a provisionally registered psychologist, currently completing her Masters of Clinical Psychology at the University of Southern Queensland. She is also involved in research at USQ as a research assistant, with a strong focus on health psychology.
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Ms Kate Obst
University of Adelaide

How do men experience grief following pregnancy loss?

Abstract

Aim: This program of research seeks to develop a comprehensive theoretical understanding of men’s grief following pregnancy and perinatal loss.

Design: This poster will present the results of two related studies. The first is a qualitative interview study with Australian men on their experiences of support following pregnancy loss. The second follow-up study is a comprehensive systematic review summarising the existing literature on men’s experiences of, and the predictors for, grief following pregnancy and perinatal loss.

Method: For the qualitative study, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were completed with eight South Australian men who had experienced either a miscarriage (defined as a loss in-utero prior to 20 weeks’ gestation) or stillbirth (defined as a loss after 20 weeks’ gestation, or over 400 grams in weight) within the last 5 years. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. Building on the findings from this study, two questions guided the systematic review: 1) what are men’s experiences of grief; (2) what are the predictors of men’s grief? Searches were conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL.

Results: The qualitative study indicated that although men have highly individualised grief experiences, male-specific challenges may also exist in relation to how men express and manage their grief. Although some men found support groups and individual counselling helpful, others may benefit more from informal support options, such as having another trusted man to confide in. Preliminary findings from the systematic review also suggest that men’s grief is highly varied, and current grief measures may not capture all of the complexities. Consistent additional challenges include the perceived need to take on a ‘supporter role’ for their female partner, and an added lack of social recognition for fathers’ grief and support needs.

Conclusions: There is a need for more active recognition of men throughout the pregnancy journey and early in their grief following pregnancy loss. In addition to experiencing grief, our findings suggest that male-specific challenges also exist. Future research is required to further explore and extend existing theories of men’s grief, to inform the development of targeted support services for men.

Biography

Kate is currently completing a combined PhD/Master of Psychology (Health) program at the University of Adelaide, under the supervision of Dr Clemence Due, Dr Melissa Oxlad, and Professor Philippa Middleton. Her PhD is investigating the psychological impact of pregnancy loss in under-researched populations in Australia, with a specific focus on improving our understandings of men's grief and subsequent support needs.
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Dr Sze Yan Cheung
University of Adelaide

A tale of two countries: A comparison of cancer coverage in Australia and Singapore

Abstract

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the coverage of cancer in Singaporean printed news and to explore the differences in coverage between collectivist and individualistic cultures by comparing the Singaporean findings with those from Australian printed news.

Design: This study was a replication of the Australian study in a Singaporean setting so that findings from both countries were comparable. Content analysis of all cancer-related news items published in 2015 from all Singaporean English-language dailies was conducted.

Method: 598 articles were retrieved from the LexisNexis database and excluded if they were not cancer-related or did not contain a cancer-related human interest story. Each news item included for review was coded for its focus and cancer type, and an over- or under-reporting factor was calculated for each cancer type. Qualitative information about usage of cancer identity terms and the portrayal of cancer’s impact on the person diagnosed was also collected.

Results: 421 news items were analysed. Cancer coverage in Singaporean printed news was very similar to that in Australian printed news. The most commonly reported cancer was breast cancer (22.4% of all items on specific cancers) and the dominant imagery of an individual diagnosed with cancer was that of a woman aged under 50 years with breast cancer. Issues around cancer identity were rarely mentioned (n = 2). The term “survivor” appeared in 43 news items and was mostly used to describe someone who had survived cancer or was in remission; “victim” (n = 4) was mostly used to depict someone who was dying or had died of cancer; and “conqueror” did not appear in any news items. Singapore had significantly more human interest stories than Australia, providing some evidence that Singaporean news coverage is a reflection of its collectivist culture.

Conclusion: This study shows that the current portrayal of cancer and individuals diagnosed with the disease may cause news consumers to form inaccurate perceptions. There is some evidence that culture may affect cancer coverage and future research should explore how culture could potentially affect the way health messages are delivered through the media.

Biography

Dr Sze Yan Cheung recently graduated from the University of Adelaide and completed her thesis in the field of cancer survivorship. She examined the effects of cancer on an individual's identity, such as cancer identity and gender identity, and the public or lay understanding of these identities and its consequences. Currently, she is working as a therapist with children diagnosed with autism or developmental delay.
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Dr Lisa Olive
Deakin University

Self-reported stress and depressive symptoms and endothelial function in youth

Abstract

Aim: Endothelial dysfunction is thought to be an early indicator of risk for cardiovascular disease and has been associated with both stress and depression in adults and adolescents. Less is known of these relationships in younger populations, where the origins of CVD is thought to manifest. This study examined the effects of questionnaire derived psychosocial stress and depressive symptoms on endothelial function among children, following them through to adolescence.

Design: Longitudinal design.

Method: Participants were 203 grade 2 children (111 girls; M age = 7.6 ± 0.3 years) from the LOOK longitudinal study, who were followed through to adolescence (16 years). Self-reported psychosocial stress and depression were assessed using the validated Children’s Stress Questionnaire and a modified and validated version of the Children’s Depression Inventory respectively; endothelial function was assessed using EndoPAT 2000 system at follow-up only; and adjustments were made for fitness, pubertal development and socioeconomic status.

Results: Although all relationships occurred in the hypothesised direction, no cross-sectional or prospective evidence of early symptoms of psychological stress or depression being associated with endothelial dysfunction was found among our asymptomatic cohort of adolescents (all p > .05).

Conclusion: In contrast to previous findings in adolescents, our data provided little evidence of any relationship between current or previous psychosocial stress or depression and endothelial function in 16-year-old boys and girls. However, our data need to be interpreted alongside the potential limitations in the sensitivity associated with self-report methods for detecting psychological distress of children.

Biography

Lisa completed her PhD at the Australian National University, Canberra and is the recipient of an NHMRC Early Career Fellowship and a Senior Lecturer at Deakin University. Lisa’s is endorsed as a clinical psychologist with expertise in behavioural medicine, clinical health psychology and performance psychology. She co-leads the Behavioural Medicine Innovation Hub in the Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED) and is an Honorary Research Fellow at the Australian National University Medical School. Clinically, Lisa has worked in cardiac rehabilitation, community mental health and in high performance sport.
Dr John Baranoff
Psychologist - Public Sector / NGO / Corporate
Centre for Treatment of Anxiety and Depression/ University of Adelaide

Acceptability, credibility, and effectiveness of group-based cognitive behavioural stress management (CBSM) during diet-induced weight loss

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability, credibility and effectiveness of a group-based Cognitive Behavioural Stress Management (CBSM) intervention when delivered during a diet-induced weight loss program.
Design: Longitudinal study utilizing data from the CBSM (active) arm of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

Method Participants were 38 individuals who completed the 10-week group-based CBSM program delivered by a health psychologist and provisional psychologist under supervision. Demographic details were collected at pre-treatment and psychometric questionnaires were administered at pre-treatment, at the conclusion of the 10-week program, and at 12 months. Psychometric questionnaires administered were the Perceived Stress Scale, as well as modified versions of the Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. Missing data was not imputed.

Results: A paired samples t-test conducted to compare perceived stress from pre-treatment to the conclusion of the 10-week program was statistically significant; t(36) = 4.16, p = 0.000. A paired samples t-test comparing perceived stress from pre-treatment to 12 months was also statistically significant; t(30) = 2.13, p = 0.042 .On average, participants who completed the program rated the group as somewhat to very logical and somewhat to very useful. Participants indicated they would be somewhat to very confident to recommend to a friend who had similar problems, and the mean response indicated that participants would return to a similar intervention if they were to seek help again.
Conclusion: A group-based CBSM intervention delivered during a diet-induced weight loss program was effective in reducing perceived stress from pre-treatment to end of the 10-week program, and from pre-treatment to 12 months; participants viewed the intervention as logical and useful. Future analyses will assess the change in stress relative to a control group, as well as the extent to which a reduction in stress contributes to weight loss and the maintenance of weight loss. The analysis of biological measures of stress are also planned. Future research could assess whether there is a bidirectional relationship between the effects of the stress management program and weight loss program. For example, stress management may augment (or blunt) the effect of the weight loss program, and the weight loss program itself may potentially produce or reduce stress.

Biography

Dr John Baranoff is a clinical and health psychologist. He is the Team Manger/ Clinical Psychologist at Centre for Treatment of Anxiety and Depression where he is involved in operational management of the teaching clinic, supervision of provisional health and clinical psychologists on placements from the University of Adelaide, as well as undertaking assessments and implementing CBT for anxiety and depression. John is also involved in a number of research projects with the Endocrine and Metabolic Unit at the Royal Adelaide Hospital and is a clinical title holder in the School of Psychology at the University of Adelaide. John has a number of peer-reviewed publications in the area of health psychology, and he has presented at national and international conferences on various topics related to health psychology.
Mr Paul Cafarella
Flinders Medical Centre

Systematic review of interventions targeting the psychological well-being of Motor Neurone Disease carers

Abstract

Background: The significant negative impact of caring for people with Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is well-established (Pagnini, 2013, Harris et al., 2017). The MND carer well-being literature is heavily laden with descriptive studies of burden and other negative physical, social and psychological consequences (e.g. anxiety, depression, distress). The contemporary focus on MND carer well-being has generated a recent increase in the prevalence of studies introducing a range of interventions for MND carers. However, there has not been a systematic summary or evaluation of these studies.

Aims: To provide a systematic summary and evaluation of the interventions used to address the psychological well-being of the carers of people with MND.

Method: A systematic search, appraisal and evaluation of existing MND carer intervention studies was conducted using methodology based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Method for Systematic Review. This methodology included the use of a secondary reviewer, registering a review protocol with JBI and adherence to PRISMA guidelines (Moher et al., 2009). The PRISMA Statement is a reporting guideline designed with the explicit intention of improving the transparency of the methodology of systematic reviews. For the purposes of this review, the primary outcome of interest was any outcome related to the psychological well-being of carers. This systematic review used an aggregative, a priori approach (Gough et al., 2012). Due to the recency of growth in the current field of study, the review included a wide range of study designs incorporating quantitative, qualitative and mixed method studies.

Conclusion: This ongoing review summarises the state of play in regards to interventions targeting the psychological well-being MND carers. A variety of methods and intervention types were evident and areas lacking clarity and knowledge gaps were identified. The systematic review generated recommendations for clinical practice and future research.

Biography

Paul Cafarella is a Health Psychologist in the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Flinders Medical Centre and a Senior Lecturer at Flinders University and the University of Adelaide in South Australia. His areas of research and clinical expertise include the assessment, treatment and consequences of mental health problems in people with chronic diseases (particularly respiratory illnesses and Motor Neurone Disease) and their carers; non-pharmacological methods of treatment including behaviour change programmes; illness perceptions; adherence, social stigma and social networks in disabled populations.
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Miss Catherine Emerson
Deakin University

Systematic review of the efficacy of various treatments to manage fatigue in patients with IBD

Abstract

Aim: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition which impacts over five million people worldwide. Of the symptoms of IBD, fatigue is highly prevalent and debilitating. Despite this, there is currently no intervention used to manage fatigue in patients with IBD. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to establish what interventions, or aspects thereof, are most effective to manage fatigue in IBD.

Design: a systematic review and meta-analysis are currently being conducted.

Methods: Studies were identified by systematically searching the following databases: MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Google Scholar and Open Grey. No search limiters were applied. Papers that met the inclusion criteria were all randomised controlled trials on any intervention targeted to reduce fatigue in patients with IBD. Fatigue had to be measured using a validated fatigue scale. Studies had to include only adult IBD patients, and the control group also had to be adults with IBD. Studies excluded were all fatigue interventions that were non-RCT, with a paediatric participant group or using a non-validated measure of fatigue. All title, abstract and full-text screening as well as data extraction and quality appraisal was conducted by two researchers independently. A meta-analysis using the random mixed effects models will be conducted, and heterogeneity assessed using I2.

Results: After completing all stages of screening, 8 studies were eligible for inclusion. Interventions included consist of psychological interventions, biological therapy, alternative medicine, and physical activity. Data extraction and the meta-analysis are currently underway. The preliminary observation is that psychological therapies appear to bring short-term benefits for fatigue.

Conclusion: Future studies should explore fatigue-focused psychological interventions, with more studies exploring the role of cognitive-behavioural therapy warranted.

Biography

Catherine Emerson is a PhD candidate from Deakin University. Catherine is researching into the field of psychogastroenterology, working to improve the lives of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and their fatigue. Beyond the scope of fatigue, Catherine is passionate about improving the lives and well-being of patients with IBD and hopes to continue to work in this field post-PhD.
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Mr Kenley Kuoch
Swinburne University of Technology

Exploring the relationships between paruresis, parcopresis, and bladder and bowel incontinence phobia: a proposed model

Abstract

Aim: Paruresis and parcopresis are psychogenic conditions that involve difficulty or inability to void or defecate, respectively, in a public setting (e.g., public restroom). A related psychogenic condition is Bladder and bowel incontinence phobia which involves overwhelming fear of incontinence in the absence of physiological disorder of the bladder or bowel (e.g., Crohn's Disease, cystitis). The above conditions are associated with psychological distress and reduced quality of life. To date, research has not explored the psychological factors which underpin paruresis, parcopresis, bladder and bowel incontinence phobia, and how psychological factors may predict whether an individual has one condition over another. This study aims to explore the potential psychological factors that predict and differentiate paruresis, parcopresis, and bladder and bowel incontinence phobia.

Design: This project consisted of a cross-sectional online study. The measures employed in this study include the Shy Bladder and Bowel Scale (SBBS), Bladder and Bowel Incontinence Phobia Severity Scale (BBIPSS), Social Phobia Scale (SPS), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS), Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale (FPES), Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE), Disqualification of Positive Social Outcomes Scale (DPSOS), Concerns of Social Reprisal Scale (CSRS), Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP), and Anxiety Control Questionnaire (ACQ). Data will be analysed through SPSS Version 24.0 and AMOS.

Method: Participants will consist of undergraduate psychology students from an Australian university and internet volunteers recruited through online advertisements targeted at sufferers of fear of incontinence, toilet or social anxiety. This online study was approved by the University Human Research Ethics Committee.

Results: We expect paruresis, parcopresis, and bladder and bowel incontinence phobia to be significantly related to dysfunctional attitudes, fear of evaluation, unhelpful thoughts, concerns of social reprisal, guilt and shame, along with social anxiety. Furthermore, we expect that paruresis and parcopresis will be related to each other yet distinct from bladder and bowel incontinence phobia.

Conclusion: This will be the first study to empirically examine the potential psychological factors that predict and differentiate paruresis, parcopresis, and bladder and bowel incontinence phobia. The findings of this study will help researchers and clinicians better understand the psychological factors which potentially contribute towards pathogenesis of the abovementioned conditions.

Biography

Kenley Kuoch is a Psychology PhD candidate at Swinburne University, in Melbourne Australia. He is currently being supervised by Dr Simon Knowles and Prof Denny Meyer from Swinburne University, and Prof David Austin from Deakin University. His research investigates bladder and bowel-based anxiety conditions which include paruresis, parcopresis, and bladder and bowel incontinence phobia. Aims of his research include development of a socio-cognitive model of paruresis and parcopresis, a validated severity scale for bladder and bowel incontinence phobia, and a phobia model which incorporates the aforementioned conditions along with related psychological factors such as dysfunctional attitudes and fear of evaluation. Through his PhD, Kenley hopes to provide resources to researchers and clinicians which would allow them to better understand, identify, and examine paruresis, parcopresis, and bladder and bowel incontinence phobia in their research participants and/or patients.
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A/Prof Antonina Mikocka-Walus
2019 Health Committee
Deakin University

Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Background: Antidepressant medications are taken by approximately 30% of people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there are no current guidelines on treating co-morbid anxiety and depression in people with IBD with antidepressants nor is there clear data on the role of antidepressant therapy in managing physical symptoms of IBD.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of antidepressants for treating anxiety and depression, improving quality of life (QoL) and managing disease activity in IBD.

Methods: MEDLINE via PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; PsycINFO; CENTRAL; The Cochrane IBD Group Specialized Trials Register were searched without language restrictions. The pooled OR and corresponding 95% CI was calculated for dichotomous outcomes. For continuous outcomes, we calculated the pooled MD or standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI, as appropriate. Categorical and continuous treatment effects were obtained from a fixed-effects model.

Results: This review identified four studies (n=188) meeting the inclusion criteria, of which two were included in a meta-analysis. Two studies were double-blind RCTs, one non-randomised controlled trial, and one observational retrospective case-matched study. The pooled analysis showed no group difference on symptoms of anxiety post-treatment. However, symptoms of depression post-treatment were improved in the antidepressant versus placebo group (SMD -0.61, 95% CI -1.10 to -0.12). There was no group difference in nausea or study withdrawal due to adverse events. Physical and Social QoL was improved in the antidepressant group (MD 9.09, 95% CI 2.91, 15.26 and MD 9.59, 95% CI 2.34, 16.84, respectively), however, there was no group difference on Psychological or Environmental QoL. Groups differed in their score on a disease activity index, with a lower IBD activity in the group receiving antidepressants (SMD -0.58, 95% CI -1.07 to -0.08).

Conclusions: No firm conclusions regarding the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in IBD can be drawn. Future studies should employ RCT designs, with a longer follow-up post-treatment, and develop solutions to address attrition.

Biography

Dr Antonina Mikocka-Walus is an Associate Professor in Health Psychology and HDR Coordinator at Psychology, Deakin University. She holds visiting appointments at the University of Adelaide, University of South Australia, and University of York in the UK. She is also a registered psychologist and an academic member of the APS College of Health Psychologists. Her specialty is psycho-gastroenterology and particularly psychotherapy for chronic gastrointestinal conditions. She has published over 100 research papers/book chapters and co-edited two textbooks on psycho-gastroenterology. She has received > $1mln in research funding. Her interdisciplinary research has contributed to the Australian, European and American guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Dr Amy Mullens
2019 Health Committee
USQ

Sailing for resilience: a pilot evaluation of nature therapy program for stress and anxiety

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of completing a 12-week long resilience sailing program, with participants’ experienced reduction in their stress levels and post-traumatic stress symptomology. These foci included predicting a reduction in re-experiencing the traumatic event, predicting a reduction in avoidance, predicting a reduction in negative alterations in cognition and mood and hypothesis, and predicting a reduction in alterations in arousal and reactivity.

Design: This research used a quasi-experimental time series design where participants were asked to provide data at three different time points (i.e. at the beginning, middle and end throughout the duration of the resilience sailing program).

Method: There were 7 participants recruited for the study, with 6 participants completing the program to date. All participants reported experience a traumatic event before registering with the program. The participants involved in the study were recruited in person by the researchers at the start of the sailing program. The study included 5 female participants and two male participants, ranging between 41 to 70 years of age, coming from a variety of social backgrounds and occupations, including one registered nurse, a police officer and two retirees.

Results: The Wilcoxon Matched-Pair Signed-Rank Test was conducted on the sample dataset to investigate changes in scores between three different time-points. From time point 1 to time point 3, significant negative differences were found for all PTSD criteria, that being re-experiencing (z = -2.00, p = .046), avoidance (z = -2.20, p = .03), NACM (z = -2.21, p = .03) and ARRT (z = -2.00, p = .46). From time point 1 to time point 3, significant negative differences were again found for all PTSD criteria, that being re-experiencing (z = -2.00, p = .046), avoidance (z = -2.20, p = .03), NACM (z = -2.21, p = .03) and ARRT (z = -2.00, p = .46).

Conclusion: Research and evaluation of nature therapy interventions are in their infancy, both worldwide and in Australia. However, this pilot research suggests that nature therapy program may provide a novel means of de-escalating stress and anxiety symptoms after individuals experience traumatic events.

Biography

Dr Erich C. Fein is a Senior Lecturer in psychology at the University of Southern Queensland. He completed his PhD in psychology at the Ohio State University with a focus on quantitative methods, organisational psychology, and individual differences. His research programs focus on motivation and performance, individual differences, leadership development, and occupational health and health psychology topics, and include the coordinated supervision of numerous PhD students.
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Prof Nikos Ntoumanis
School of Psychology, Curtin University

Self-compassion and need frustration moderate the effects of upward appearance comparisons on body image discrepancies

Abstract

Aim: Understanding which factors predict adolescents’ perceptions of their body weight and, particularly, how such perceptions differ from internalized ‘ideal standards’ is an important consideration for researchers and clinicians. We put forward one mediation and two moderated mediation hypotheses: 1. Appearance evaluation (positive evaluations of one’s own appearance) would mediate the relation between upward appearance comparisons (comparing oneself with someone of perceived better appearance) and body image discrepancy (between current and ideal body image); 2. High appearance self-compassion (being accepting of negative appearance-related thoughts) would buffer (2a) and high frustration of psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) would augment (2b) the relation between upward appearance comparisons and appearance evaluation.

Design: Survey, cross-sectional.

Method: Participants (n = 396; females = 210) were young adolescents (M age = 13.36; SD = 1.31), recruited from a summer camp outside Athens. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires tapping the aforementioned constructs. We used the SPSS macro PROCESS (Hayes, 2018) to estimate the mediation and moderated mediation models. We controlled for age, sex, and BMI.

Results: Hypothesis 1: Upward appearance comparisons were negatively associated with appearance evaluation, which in turn was negatively associated with body image discrepancy. The indirect effect was positive, b = .078, 95% CI [.031, .132]. Hypothesis 2a. The interaction was significant (b=.20, 95% CI [.07, .33]; the negative association between upward appearance comparisons and appearance evaluation was significant only for those with low appearance self-compassion. Hypothesis 2b. The interaction was significant (b=-.15, 95% CI [-.06, -.25]; the negative association between upward appearance comparisons and appearance evaluation was significant only for those with high need frustration. Further, extending hypothesis 1, the indirect effect between upward appearance comparisons and body image discrepancy was significant only for those reporting low appearance self-compassion and high psychological need frustration.

Conclusion: Our work identifies potential opportunities for intervention work (i.e., focusing on increasing appearance self-compassion and decreasing psychological need frustration) to reduce a growing problem in adolescents, that is their concerns about how their body image compares to societal ideal standards. Key limitations include the use of self-reports only and the cross-sectional design.

Biography

I received my PhD in Medical Sciences from the University of Exeter (UK) in 1999. My longest period of employment (2001-2014) has been at the University of Birmingham (UK). I joined the Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Group at Curtin University in 2014 on a research-only role. In 2015 I established the Physical Activity and Well-Being (PAW) Lab I am interested in personal and contextual factors that optimise motivation and promote performance, morality, psychological well-being and health-conducive behaviours. Areas of interest are physical activity promotion in different community settings, self-regulation of weight management goals (diet and physical activity goals), and psychology of sport with emphasis on applications of contemporary theories of motivation. Some of my publications appear on ResearchGate. An overview of my research can be found on my ORCID page. A short overview video of my research is here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ms0UMz419Ow I have developed new research instruments in the form of questionnaires that have been widely adopted and translated (peer motivational climate, psychological need thwarting, controlling coach behaviours). I have also empirically integrated theoretical frameworks in various settings (self-determination theory and self-regulation, self-determination theory and achievement goal theory) and developed innovative interventions for the promotion of physical activity engagement, adherence, and psychological well-being. To date, I have published 2 books, about 200 peer reviewed articles and 21 book chapters; my research has attracted over 19,500 citations on Google Scholar (h index=73; Scopus h index=49). My research has been published in various journals (e.g., Perspectives on Psychological Science, Current Directions in Psychological Science, Developmental Psychology, Journal of Educational Psychology; Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Annals of Behavioral Medicine, Sports Medicine, Health Psychology), and has been supported by funding (over $12m) from major research councils in the UK (ESRC, MRC), the ARC, the European Union, the International Olympic Committee, Healthway, Cancer Council WA, UK charities, UK local health authorities, Australian Army, and the industry. My research has received awards from various academic and professional organisations (e.g., BPS, ISSI, NASPSPA, ECSS). I have authored two books on statistics that were published by Routledge in 2001 and by Wiley in 2016. In 2014 I was awarded a fellowship by the UK’s Academy of Social Sciences for exceptional research. The Fellowship recognised academics who made “a substantial contribution to wider social science in the UK” and were “leading social scientists”. In 2015 I was awarded a fellowship from the British Psychological Society (BPS). According to BPS, “A Fellowship is recognition of a significant contribution to the advancement or communication of psychological knowledge or practice, and represents the highest designation that the Society can bestow”. In 2016 I was awarded the John Curtin Distinguished Professor title by Curtin University. My research work has also received awards by several societies (e.g., British Psychological Society, North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity).
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Ms Miriam Henke
Miriam Henke Consulting

Red Light Therapy: A novel intervention for health psychology, a case example of treating depression

Abstract

Aim: To introduce Red Light Therapy (Photobiomodulation, PBM) to the health psychology community through a summary of the available and emerging literature on its use and efficacy for treating depression.

Background: PBM is a treatment method based on research findings showing that irradiation with certain wavelengths of red and near-infrared light has been shown to produce a range of physiological effects in cells and tissues, both in animals and humans. Since the invention of lasers in the 1960’s, research into the use of (cold) lasers as a treatment for wound healing, pain and inflammation became known as ‘low-level laser therapy’. Today, known more broadly as photobiomodulation (PBM), research and clinical use of PBM for a multitude of health conditions has increasingly expanded to include the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to deliver therapeutic irradiation. PBM for treating pain and inflammation has an extensive research and clinical evidence base, and there is preliminary evidence for its use with depression, among many other acute and chronic health conditions.

Method: A narrative literature review of the available evidence for depression will be presented. The findings from major clinical studies and systematic reviews are included. As most of the research has been published in medical, laser surgery and photomedicine journals, the findings have been translated into health psychology terms with implications for future research and clinical recommendations.

Results: In terms of this preliminary review of the available literature, three main themes were identified: 1. Transcranial PBM therapy has beneficial effects for a wide range of neurological and psychological disorders including depression; 2. A benefit of PBM for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is comparable to that of antidepressant medications; and 3. PBM is not only effective in treating depression but also MDD with co-different types of morbidities.

Conclusion:. Preliminary evidence supports the potential of PBM as a novel treatment for depression with future research needed to clarify the ideal treatment parameters as well as the overall efficacy, effectiveness and safety profile of this treatment. This introduction and review provides an opportunity for health psychologists to become knowledgeable about PBM, active in research efforts, and involved in the uptake of a potentially simple, low cost, safe, and effective complementary treatment option for people with depression.

Biography

Miriam is an established Health Psychologist, working in solo private practice in Glenalta, SA. With special interests in Mind-Body Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), Coaching and Photobiomodulation, Miriam seeks to be a bridge between health-based disciplines and the general public. A regular speaker and facilitator for organisations such as Diabetes SA, BUPA, and Liquid Learning, Miriam is actively involved in health promotion efforts as well as Executive Coaching and Leadership Development training. With her title of Senior Clinical Lecturer at the University of Adelaide, Miriam provides ad hoc lectures, and supervision of research projects and Health Psychology-based placements in her practice. The creator of The Mainspring Method, Miriam is a visionary and educator on the use of mind-body therapies as complementary healthcare.
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Ms Taryn Lores
CALHN, SA Health

A pilot evaluation of a group psychological intervention for people with both depression and obesity

Abstract

Aim: To pilot test a newly developed group psychological intervention program for people with comorbid depression and overweight/obesity. Depression and obesity are both significant global health problems which often occur together, but treatment programs rarely address them simultaneously.

Design: A non-randomised repeated measures design was used to trial the program (with data collected at three time-points). This design was practical and appropriate to the resources available.

Method: Two groups consisting of a total of twenty-four participants were recruited to participate in the trial. Members of the general public were recruited via online and social media platforms. Potential participants were telephone screened and if deemed eligible and willing to participate, an appointment for their first (pre-group) assessment was arranged. Assessment involved a battery of questionnaires, including the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). The protocol was primarily based on a cognitive-behavioural therapy framework but also contained acceptance and mindfulness strategies. The program consisted of ten two-hour sessions delivered over consecutive weeks, and was facilitated by two mental health professionals. Participants were re-assessed at two more time-points – post-program (following the final session) and three-months post-program. Further follow-up assessment is due to occur at twelve-months post-program.

Results: A total of eighteen participants completed the program (75% completion rate). At the end of the program, participants experienced significant improvements in their levels of depression, anxiety and body image concerns; these improvements were sustained at three-months follow-up (depression Mdn1 17.0, Mdn2 6.5, Mdn3 5.0, X2=22.06, p<.001; anxiety Mdn1 15.0, Mdn2 6.0, Mdn3 5.5, X2=13.85, p=.001; body image concerns Mdn1 117.0, Mdn2 108.5, Mdn3 102.0, X2=13.73, p=.001). No physiological changes were found post-program or at follow-up.

Conclusion: The results from this trial suggest that it is useful to target both depression and obesity together as these problems are intricately linked for many people. The protocol tested resulted in benefits for participants’ mental health, but not physical health; the protocol could be developed further to increase the likelihood of benefits for physical health. Further follow-up assessment will inform of longer-term outcomes.

Biography

Taryn is a Health Psychologist with experience in both clinical and research settings. At the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Taryn works in the Mind and Brain theme specifically on the development of a group program for people with both depression and obesity. She also works at the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Service at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, and in private practice.

Volunteer

Stella Delloso
University of Adelaide

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Catherine Emerson
Deakin University

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Kate Obst
University of Adelaide

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